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American Federation of Teachers

The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second-largest teachers' union in the United States. Founded in Chicago in 1916, it has played a significant role in shaping education policy and advocating for teachers' rights.

History

The AFT was established by a group of educators, including John Dewey and Margaret Haley, who were instrumental in organizing teachers to improve working conditions and salaries. Initially, the union faced resistance, and its membership declined during the 1920s due to opposition from school boards and administrators. However, during the Great Depression, membership increased significantly, reaching about 33,000 by 1939.

In the post-World War II era, the AFT actively participated in civil rights movements and supported desegregation. The 1960s and 1970s saw significant growth in membership and collective bargaining efforts, with notable leadership from figures like Albert Shanker, who became AFT president in 1974. By the 1980s, the union had grown to over half a million members.

Membership and Structure

The AFT represents approximately 1.5 million members, including not only teachers but also paraprofessionals, school staff, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. The union operates through local and state chapters, which are affiliated with the national organization.

Activities

• Collective Bargaining: The AFT has been a strong advocate for collective bargaining rights, ensuring better pay and working conditions for educators.
• Civil Rights: Historically, the AFT has supported equal rights for African-American teachers and students, including advocating for desegregation and equal pay.
• Education Reform: The union plays a significant role in shaping education policy, often opposing reforms that it believes undermine teacher tenure or promote inequitable school funding.

Leadership

Past leaders include Albert Shanker, known for his influence on the New York City teachers union, and Randi Weingarten, who has led efforts to protect teacher job protections and oppose certain education reforms since 2008.

Political Positions

The AFT is influential in Democratic Party politics, advocating for policies that protect teachers and public education. It has been critical of charter school expansions and tenure reform efforts.

Publications and Initiatives

The AFT publishes American Educator, a quarterly magazine addressing educational issues, and has partnered in initiatives like Share My Lesson to enhance curriculum resources for teachers.