Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the USA

The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the USA, also known as the Elks Lodge or simply the Elks, is a prominent American fraternal order and charitable organization. Founded on February 16, 1868, in New York City, it originally came into existence as a social club for minstrel show performers but eventually evolved into a nationwide brotherhood dedicated to community service, patriotism, and mutual aid.

History

The organization was established by actor Charles Algernon Sidney Vivian, a British expatriate and member of the Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes. Initially known as the "Jolly Corks," the group's name was changed to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks by December 1868. This transformation was largely influenced by the death of a fellow actor due to insufficient funds for medical treatment, highlighting the need for communal support among entertainers. By 1890, the Elks had grown significantly, with 173 lodges across the United States.

Principles and Activities

The Elks uphold four core principles: Charity, Justice, Brotherly Love, and Fidelity. The organization is known for its philanthropic programs, including support for veterans, youth scholarships—such as the "Hoop Shoot" contest—and disaster relief efforts. The Elks also conduct patriotic activities like bond drives and Flag Day observances. Historically, the Elks were exclusive, but they now welcome all U.S. citizens over 21 who affirm a belief in God.

Membership and Structure

Membership in the Elks requires that candidates be U.S. citizens, over 21 years old, believe in God, and possess good character. The organization is independent and neither directly nor indirectly supports groups advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government. The Elks have more than 750,000 members across over 1,900 local lodges nationwide.

Internal Practices and Traditions

Each Elks Lodge is governed by an Exalted Ruler, similar to a Worshipful Master in Masonic lodges. The Elks conduct a nightly "Hour of Recollection" toast to absent members, a tradition initiated by Charles Vivian. Candidates for membership participate in initiation rituals, though these have evolved over time to eliminate certain practices.

Women's Admission

Until 1995, women were not admitted to the Elks. Following changes in the organization's policies, women are now included in the membership.

Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World

The Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (IBPOEW), established in 1897, is an African-American fraternal order modeled on the BPOE. It was created in response to the BPOE's historical exclusion of minorities, with the BPOE not opening its membership to African Americans until 1972. The IBPOEW operates independently and has its own chapters and traditions.