American Legion

The American Legion is a prominent, nonpartisan, 501(c)(19) war veterans' organization headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was founded in March 1919 in Paris, France, primarily by members of the American Expeditionary Forces following World War I. The organization was chartered by Congress on September 16, 1919, and has grown to become one of the most influential nonprofit groups in the United States, with over 2 million members across more than 14,000 posts worldwide.

History

The American Legion emerged during a period of high morale concerns among troops awaiting return home from Europe after World War I. Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. played a pivotal role in advocating for the establishment of the Legion, along with Lt. Col. George S. White, Lt. Col. William Donovon, and Maj. Eric Fisher Wood. A key initial meeting in Paris from March 15 to 17, 1919, laid the groundwork for the organization, which quickly gained momentum and visibility in the U.S.

Mission and Activities

The American Legion focuses on service to veterans, service members, and communities. Its mission is encapsulated in its constitution preamble, emphasizing mutual helpfulness, patriotism, and the defense of the U.S. Constitution. The Legion engages in numerous activities, including:

• Advocacy: Strong lobbying for veterans' benefits, national security, and social issues.
• Youth Programs: The American Legion sponsors several programs, notably the Boys State and Boys Nation initiatives, designed to educate youth about democratic processes and government.
• Community Involvement: Supports local communities through Boys and Girls Scout units and oversees the American Legion Baseball program.
• Health and Welfare: Early on, it supported the creation of the U.S. Veterans Bureau, precursor to the VA, and continues to push for better health services for veterans.

Programs and Influence

• Veterans Benefits: The Legion was instrumental in drafting and passing important legislation like the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, also known as the G.I. Bill.
• Flag Respect: It led efforts in establishing the U.S. Flag Code and continues to advocate for a constitutional amendment to protect the flag from desecration.
• Sons of The American Legion (S.A.L.): Founded in 1932, S.A.L. honors the service of Legionnaires and includes males whose parents or grandparents were eligible for American Legion membership.

Structure

The organization is structured into 55 departments, each corresponding to a U.S. state, plus additional departments in the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, France, Mexico, and the Philippines. These departments oversee local posts and coordinate national-level activities. The American Legion Auxiliary and Sons of The American Legion form part of the broader "Legion Family," which collectively numbers nearly 3 million members.

Impact and Legacy

The American Legion has significantly influenced American society, from shaping veterans' benefits to sponsoring youth development programs. Its influence extends beyond veterans' affairs, contributing to broader social issues and national security discussions. As a nonpartisan organization, it remains committed to advocating for veterans and fostering community engagement across the United States.