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Faith Inspiring Science Mission The Vatican Observatory is an institution established by the Holy See for astronomical research and public outreach to advance the scientific understanding of our universe. About The Vatican Observatory is one of the oldest active astronomical observatories in the world with its roots going back to 1582 and the Gregorian reform of the calendar. Headquartered at the papal summer residence in Castel Gandolfo outside Rome this official work of the Vatican City State supports a dozen priests and brothers Jesuits and diocesan from four continents who study the universe utilizing modern scientific methods. The Vatican Observatory works with the Vatican Observatory Foundation to promote education and public engagement in astronomy and constructive dialogue in the area of faith and science.