American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations

The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) is a significant nonprofit organization in the United States, resulting from the merger of two major labor unions: the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). The AFL was founded in 1886, and the CIO was established in 1935. The CIO focused on organizing industrial unions, which led to a period of rivalry with the AFL before their merger in 1955.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

The AFL was founded on December 8, 1886, by Samuel Gompers and other trade unionists. It primarily represented craft unions and limited its membership to skilled workers. Despite its growth into one of the largest labor federations in the United States, it faced challenges in organizing unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass production industries.

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

The CIO originated as a committee within the AFL in 1935, led by John L. Lewis and other leaders of the United Mine Workers. It was formed to organize industrial unions, which the AFL had resisted. The CIO focused on organizing workers in industries like steel, automobile, and rubber, using tactics such as "sit-down" strikes. After being expelled from the AFL in 1937, the CIO operated independently until its merger with the AFL in 1955.

Merger and Impact

The merger of the AFL and CIO in December 1955 created the AFL-CIO, under the leadership of George Meany. This union combined the strengths of both organizations, bringing together craft and industrial unionism to advocate for workers' rights. The AFL-CIO has played a crucial role in shaping labor policies and providing advocacy for workers across various sectors. It continues to be a powerful voice in American labor movements, promoting fair wages, better working conditions, and social justice.

Current Activities

The AFL-CIO engages in a wide range of activities aimed at enhancing the lives of working Americans. It supports collective bargaining, organizes new unions, and promotes legislation favorable to labor. The organization also works closely with international unions to address global labor issues. Over the years, the AFL-CIO has adapted to changing economic conditions, advocating for policies that support working families and communities.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations [2] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Congress-of-Industrial-Organizations [3] https://depts.washington.edu/moves/CIO_intro.shtml [4] https://guides.loc.gov/this-month-in-business-history/december/american-federation-of-labor [5] https://aflcio.org/about-us/history